{"id":24059,"date":"2020-12-30T09:00:15","date_gmt":"2020-12-30T08:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mallorcaglobalmag.es\/?p=24059"},"modified":"2020-12-23T13:00:52","modified_gmt":"2020-12-23T12:00:52","slug":"la-germania-500-years-since-tragic-revolt-bartomeu-bestard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mallorcaglobalmag.es\/en\/la-germania-500-years-since-tragic-revolt-bartomeu-bestard\/","title":{"rendered":"La Germania, 500 years since the tragic revolt"},"content":{"rendered":"

Text: Bartomeu Bestard.<\/em>
\nPhotos: Arxiu Municipal de Palma.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Pintura de Joanot Colom, cuya cabeza se expuso en la Porta Pintada durante muchos a\u00f1os.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u201c<\/span>La Germania<\/span><\/i>\u201d (The Revolt of the Brotherhoods) is the name given to the revolt which took place in Mallorca at the beginning of the 16<\/span>th<\/span> Century. Since the second half of the 14<\/span>th<\/span> Century, the kingdom of Mallorca was mired debt and the financial pressure fell in large part upon on the people of \u201c<\/span>La Part Forana<\/span><\/i>\u201d (rural areas), mostly peasants, and on the working class of Palma, who were overseen by the city\u2019s guilds. In 1520 Mallorca suffered a severe economic crisis. During the summer of that same year, word of the Valencian Germania reached the port of Palma. A seditious atmosphere, only strengthened by constant conspiracies was falling over the kingdom. On February 6<\/span>th<\/span>, 1521, after receiving a tip, the viceroy of the Island, Miquel de Gurrea, ordered the arrest of a group of people preparing a plot against the Crown, led by Joan Cresp\u00ed and including Joanot Colom. These arrests would trigger an insurrection.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The following day a mob of guild craftsmen armed with muskets, pikes and crossbows easily seized Almudaina castle and with it, command of the kingdom, forcing Gurrea to free the prisoners. This was how <\/span>La Germania<\/span><\/i> began. Fearful, the civilian oligarchy, known as <\/span>mascarats<\/span><\/i>, fled North, finding refuge in the walled city of Alc\u00fadia. Peasants from all over the island flocked to <\/span>La Germania<\/span><\/i> … while the viceroy was forced to flee to Ibiza.<\/span><\/p>\n

Intending to reorganize the kingdom, on April 16<\/span>th<\/span>, the rebels instituted a new council: the <\/span>Consell dels Tretze<\/span><\/i> (<\/span>la Tretzena<\/span><\/i>), (<\/span>The Council of Thirteen<\/span><\/i> or, <\/span>The Thirteen<\/span><\/i>) established by Joan Cresp\u00ed and made up of nine representatives from the city’s craftsmen and four from <\/span>La<\/span><\/i> Part<\/span><\/i> Forana<\/span><\/i>. Among the grievances which the new council had to address, the fair and balanced distribution of taxes was of most import, particularly where concerning the <\/span>mascarats<\/span><\/i>. However, sheltered behind the walls of the realm\u2019s many castles and fortresses, the <\/span>mascarats<\/span><\/i> refused to pay what the <\/span>Consell dels Tretze<\/span><\/i> demanded.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Violence followed soon after. On July 29<\/span>th<\/span>, with the help of artillery, the mob stormed the Bellver castle where some nobles had been taking refuge. They left none alive. The insurgents also moved to take the castle of Santueri, but this time the <\/span>mascarats<\/span><\/i> were able to resist them.<\/span><\/p>\n

Following that Summer, the discontent of the \u201c<\/span>agermanats\u201d<\/span><\/i> (The Brotherhood) worsened. On September 23<\/span>rd<\/span>, Joanot Colom deposed Joan Cresp\u00ed as the head of the insurgency. Cresp\u00ed was locked up in the Torre del \u00c1ngel of the Almudaina castle, where he was later assassinated by Francesc Colom, brother of the new leader. Joanot Colom would now take dictatorial control over <\/span>La Germania<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Colom deemed that he had to get rid of the island’s nobles and bourgeois, most of which were refugees in Alc\u00fadia. He, therefore, headed North, having the <\/span>agermanats<\/span><\/i> attack nobles\u2019 estates on the way.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Antigua pintura al \u00f3leo de Alc\u00fadia<\/p><\/div>\n

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Dibujo del t\u00e9rmino municipal de Palma en tiempos de la Germania<\/p><\/div>\n

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Contrary to the insurgents\u2019 expectations, however, the siege of Alc\u00fadia was a failure. For the first time since the conflict broke out, the <\/span>mascarats<\/span><\/i> felt strong. The nobility wasted no time and was quick to organize a counterattack. Troops were mobilized from Ibiza (led by Miquel de Gurrea) and from Barcelona (with the help of the <\/span>Generalitat<\/span><\/i>). For his part, the king sent Juan de Velasco in command of four galleys to “remedy the disturbance on the Mallorcan isle.” Velasco’s fleet appeared in the bay of Palma on October 13<\/span>th<\/span>, 1522. Aboard were two thousand men-at-arms under the orders of Ramon Carr\u00f2s de Vilaragut. The fleet anchored for two days, during which three parlays took place between Velasco and the <\/span>agermanats<\/span><\/i> to try to negotiate an accord. However, no understanding could be reached.<\/span><\/p>\n

The fleet weighed anchor and made for the bay of Alc\u00fadia. On October 24<\/span>th<\/span> Royal assault was ordered. It began, attacking Pollen\u00e7a. There, women, children and the elderly sought refuge in the church, but the troops, rather than respecting the sanctuary, burned it down along with all inside.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dread spread like wildfire among the rest of the island’s settlements, who surrendered in quick succession. As Carr\u00f2s de Vilaragut’s troops advanced towards Palma, hundreds of <\/span>agermanats<\/span><\/i> were hung by the roadside. Ciutat became the last refuge of the rebels. The siege began at the beginning of December. Three months later the situation inside was unsustainable. The city capitulated on March 7<\/span>th<\/span>, 1523.<\/span><\/p>\n

Viceroy Miquel de Gurrea settled in the Bellver castle \u2014 now repurposed as a prison \u2014 and from there he would spread oppression across Mallorca. Those sentenced to greater crimes were dismembered and, as an example to others, their mutilated bodies were hung in the streets for all to see. The most famous execution was that of Joanot Colom, whose head was exhibited on the <\/span>Porta Pintada<\/span><\/i> of the walls of Palma for centuries.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Text: Bartomeu Bestard. Photos: Arxiu Municipal de Palma. \u201cLa Germania\u201d […]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":24039,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[136],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-en"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Germania, 500 years since the tragic revolt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cLa Germania\u201d (The Revolt of the Brotherhoods) is the name given to the revolt which took place in Mallorca at the beginning of the 16th Century. 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